Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is characterized by an enlarged segment in the lower part of the body’s primary artery, the aorta, which extends from the heart through the chest and abdomen as the largest blood vessel. The rupture of this aneurysm can result in critical and potentially life-threatening internal bleeding.

The approach to treatment is determined by the size of the aneurysm and how quickly it is expanding. Available options include regular health check-ups and diagnostic imaging, as well as immediate surgical intervention, depending on the individual circumstances and urgency of the situation.

Symptoms

Symptoms of abdominal aortic aneurysms generally manifest slowly, often without any notable signs, making their identification a complex task. While some aneurysms remain stable and do not rupture, others may exhibit gradual or rapid expansion over time.

In the case of an expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm, you might encounter the following symptoms:

  1. Prolonged, severe pain in the abdominal area or on either side of the abdomen.
  2. Back pain.
  3. Feeling a pulse near the navel.

Causes

Aneurysms can potentially emerge in any part of the aorta, although the majority are observed in the abdominal region. Several factors contribute to the development of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, including:

  1. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of fat and other substances on the inner lining of blood vessels.
  2. High blood pressure, can weaken and damage the walls of the aorta.
  3. Blood vessel diseases that cause inflammation in the blood vessels.
  4. Rare occurrences of infection within the aorta are caused by specific bacteria or fungi.
  5. Traumatic incidents, such as injuries sustained in a car accident, may trigger the onset of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Risk factors

Factors contributing to the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm include:

  1. Tobacco use: Smoking weakens blood vessel walls, including the aorta, increasing the likelihood of aneurysm development and rupture. Prolonged tobacco use intensifies this risk. Men aged 65 to 75 with a smoking history are advised to undergo one-time ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening.
  2. Age: The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms is highest among individuals aged 65 and above.
  3. Gender: Men are more susceptible to developing abdominal aortic aneurysms compared to women.
  4. Ethnicity: People of Caucasian descent have an elevated risk of abdominal aortic aneurysms.
  5. Family history: A family background of abdominal aortic aneurysms increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
  6. Presence of other aneurysms: Having an aneurysm in the chest’s aorta (thoracic aortic aneurysm) or in another major blood vessel, such as the artery behind the knee, can heighten the risk of an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

For individuals at risk of aortic aneurysm, doctors may prescribe medications to lower blood pressure and alleviate strain on weakened arteries.

Complications

Complications linked with abdominal aortic aneurysms include:

  1. Aortic dissection, characterized by tears in one or more layers of the aorta’s wall.
  2. Aneurysm rupture, which can result in severe internal bleeding. Typically, a larger aneurysm that expands rapidly poses an increased risk of rupture.

Symptoms suggesting a ruptured aortic aneurysm may include:

  • Sudden and intense abdominal or back pain, often described as tearing or ripping.
  • Low blood pressure.
  • Rapid pulse.

Prevention

To prevent and manage abdominal aortic aneurysms, consider the following steps:

  1. Quit smoking and avoid tobacco products, including secondhand smoke. Seek guidance from your healthcare provider for effective smoking cessation strategies if necessary.
  2. Maintain a balanced diet, incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins like chicken and fish, and low-fat dairy products. Limit the consumption of saturated and trans fats while moderating salt intake.
  3. Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol levels in check within the recommended range. Adhere to prescribed medications as instructed by your healthcare provider.
  4. Engage in regular physical activity, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise each week. If you’re new to exercise, start slowly and gradually increase intensity. Consult your healthcare provider to determine suitable physical activities tailored to your specific needs.

When to see a doctor

If you have pain, especially if pain is sudden and severe, seek medical help right away.

Request an Appointment